Epidemiological-clinical aspects of sickle cell disease in children at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou

Abstract

Introduction: The objective was to study the epidemiological-clinical aspects of sickle-cell anaemia in children at the Nianankoro Fomba hospital in Ségou. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study from January 2, 2019 to February 28, 2020 at the pediatric department of the HNF of Ségou. It covered all documented cases of sickle cell anemia in children 1 month to 15 years of age, and those whose status was confirmed in the ward during the study period. The variables studied were: the sociodemographic, clinical, biological and therapeutic characteristics of the patients. The data were entered and analyzed on epi info software version 3.5.4. Results: During the study 7617 patients consulted in the department including 105 cases of sickle cell anemia or a hospital frequency of 1.3%. The average age of the children was 53.64 months±4 years. The sex ratio was 1.4 in favour of boys. The notion of inbreeding was found in 51.43% of cases. Cutaneous-mucosal pallor was the most frequent physical sign with 83.81%; the SS phenotype of hemoglobin was 92.38%; vaso-occlusive crisis was the most frequent acute complication with 51.43%. The case fatality rate was 0.95%. Conclusion: Sickle cell anemia is common in the pediatric department of the HNF-Ségou with 1.3%. Care is difficult because of the low level of the technical platform and the low socio-economic level of the parents.

Keywords: sickle-cell anemia - children - Segou