Evaluation de la consommation de substances psychoactives chez les lycéens du district de Bamako en 2022

Résumé

.Background: The use of psychoactive substances is a public health problem among teenagers in schools. The aim of this study is to assess the consumption habits of psychoactive substances among high school students in the Bamako district in 2022. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from June to July 2022. The size sample was calculated using the StatCalc program in Epi-Info 7.2. Data was collected from 80 high schools using a questionnaire on KoboCollect. SPSS v26 was used for data analysis. The study included secondary school students aged 10 to 19 who were enrolled in the selected schools and had consented to participate in the survey. The only exclusion criterion was absence from school on the day of the survey. Results: A total of 2,400 high school students were surveyed. The average age of participants was 16.9 ± 1.4 years. High school students were mainly over 17 years old (61.5%), and boys (53.3%). The experimentation prevalences of psychoactive substances were respectively 68.5% (chicha), 33.8% (Deri), 30.3% (tobacco), 3.4% (cannabis), and 2.4% (alcohol). Current consumption was 40.5% (chicha), 19.8% (Deri), 16.1% (tobacco), 1.0% (cannabis) and 0.80% (alcohol) respectively. Smoking among the students' family surroundings was 39.5%. The risk factors associated with tobacco experimentation were smoking in the family circle [OR= 9.0; 95% CI= 7.4-11.0] and the influence of peer groups [OR=4.6; 95% CI= 3.8-5.5]. Conclusion: In this study, chicha and "Deri" or "purple drank" were the most widely consumed psychoactive substances among high-school students in the Bamako district. This requires specific action to combat this problem.