Dynamic study of Anopheles gambiae s.l. population and polymorphism of TRP1 gene during high malaria transmission season in Bancoumana commune, Mali

Résumé

Malaria vector control strategy is a key component of malaria control, it can interrupt malaria transmission. The effective use of this strategy is based on a depth knowledge of vector life cycle and the environmental factors that influence its life. The aims of this study was to determine the dynamics of the adult population of An.gambiae s.l. and to evaluate the allelic polymorphism of TEP1 gene implicate in malaria parasite lysis.  This was conducted in endemic malaria areas Nanguilabougou and its hamlet of culture Kouroubabougou in the rural commune of Bancoumana between June 2014 and November 2015 during the high malaria transmission season. Mosquitoes were collected using light traps, stored in 50-ml tubes containing ethanol 70%, processed in the laboratory using PCR (DNA extraction, species identification and genotyping).  In 2014 a total of 1433 mosquitoes were collected, An coluzzii was predominant 72.2% (n= 1034) follow by An gambiae 21.1% and hybrid An coluzzii/gambiae 3.1%. The same situation was observed in 2015 with 6612 mosquitoes collected, An coluzzii 72.4% follow by An gambiae 16.7% and hybrid An. coluzzii/gambiae 0.4%. Two An. arabiensis were found only in 2015. A strong presence of the genotype R1/R1 within An. coluzzii 85.2% in 2014 and 66.2% in 2015 was observed. An. gambiae was more associated with the S1/S1 genotype in 2014 and with the S1/R2 allele in 2015. The other allele were founded at low frequency. An. coluzzii is the most predominant during high malaria transmission season among An. gambiae s.l. species. It is also carried the high frequency TEP1 gene implicate in malaria parasite lysis.