Viral hemorrhagic fevers in Mali: Systematic review of Lassa, Crimean Congo, Ebola, Rift Valley fever and Dengue viruses

Abstract

We are witnessing more and more the emergence of some diseases, such as viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). Some of these diseases can be transmitted from person to person through direct or indirect contact with symptomatic patients. Vectors or reservoirs are easy means of transmission for these viral hemorrhagic fevers. Lassa fever was revealed in Mali in 2009 in humans. Since several studies have been conducted on rodents, with prevalence that sometimes reaches 50% in southern Mali. In humans, the prevalence ranged from 14.5 to 44% and an incidence of 6.3%. For Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, the authors found a human prevalence of 4.5%. In cattle, serological evidence has been found throughout the country ranging from 15% to 95%. Mali experienced two separate incursions of Ebola Virus Disease from Guinea Conakry. The diagnosis of the 103 samples of suspected cases was carried out at the SEREFO / UCRC Laboratory  with 10 cases positive for the Ebola virus. Dengue fever was present with prevalence ranging from 40% to 93%. A human case of Rift Valley Fever has been identified in Mali in 2017, but the disease is present in cattle, especially in the northern parts of the country. The diagnosis was made mainly by the ELISA method (IgG or IgM search). Molecular biology has been used in some cases