Prevalence of healthcare associated infections in intensive care in Mali

Abstract

Introduction: This work was initiated to make an inventory of healthcare associated infections in intensive care and identify the pathogens involved.

Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted in intensive care at point G University Hospital, Bamako. The sample consisted of 218 hospitalized patients with a length of stay of more than 48 hours and who were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Our study took place over a period of 09 months, September 2020 to June 2021.

Results: Our study identified 64 patients with a healthcare-associated infections. The prevalence was 29.4%. The overall incidence rate of infectious episode was 33.5%. There was equality between the two sexes with a ratio of 1. The average age of patients was 47.1 ± 22.2 years. The risk factors were: the severity of the patients' medical condition, the associated comorbidities and the frequency of invasive medical devices. Among healthcare-associated infections, bacteremia was the most common (44.8%), followed by urinary tract infections (32.9%) and PAVM (22.3%). Blood culture was the most performed examination (64) with a positivity rate of 50%. The microorganisms found were enterobacteria (fermenting Gram-negative bacilli) were more common with 36.8%, followed by non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (23.7%), yeasts (23.7%) and Gram-positive Cocci (15.8%). Mortality was 68.8%.

Conclusion: at the end of this study, there is an increase in the prevalence of infections associated with intensive care with high mortality.