Les encéphalites infectieuses au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou

Abstract

The objective: to describe the clinical etiological and evolutionary epidemiological characteristics of infectious encephalitis in the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital

Patients and method: this was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over a period of 21 months from 1 January 2022 to 30 September 2023 in the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou. Included were patients with clinical and paraclinical signs for infectious encephalitis.

Results: during the study period 91 patients with encephalitis were hospitalized including 55 cases with meningoencephalitis. The majority of patients (56.75%) came from Kadiogo province. Informal sector employees and housewives were the most represented with a frequency of 27.9% and 15.9% respectively. The average age of patients was 38 19 years. The male sex dominated (62.6%), a sex ratio of 1.6. The clinical examination on admission of patients noted, a general condition altered in 65.2% of patients, a syndrome of systemic inflammatory response in 47 patients, a meningeal syndrome in 34 patients, an obnubiled consciousness in 24 patients, a coma found in 27 patients, convulsions were noted in 15 patients, motor deficit found in six patients, arthralgia found in two patients. The etiology of encephalitis was found in 58 patients (63.7%); it was dominated by bacteria (60%), followed by parasites (31%) and yeasts (9%). CT scan of the brain contributed to the diagnosis in 12 patients. Hospitalization ranged from one day to 54 days. The evolution was marked by 23% of deaths.

Conclusion: Infectious encephalitis is a life-threatening condition. Their etiologies are dominated by bacteria and parasites in our context