Profil épidémio-clinique, biologique, évolutif des arboviroses et facteurs associés au décès dans un service de maladies infectieuses en zone urbaine Sénégalaise de 2020 à 2022

Abstract

Introduction : Arbovirosis are widespread infections worldwide, some of which are re-emerging. In
Africa, the most worrying are dengue fever, yellow fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, where
they are endemic. The aims of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinico-biological and
evolutionary profile and identify factors associated with death of arbovirosis cases diagnosed at the
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department of the Fann University Hospital in Dakar. Methodology
: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022,
including patients received for suspected arboviruses and in whom a diagnostic test for arboviruses had
been performed. Data were entered in Excel and analyzed using R software (version 4.3.1). Résultats :
Out of 206 suspected patients, 46 cases of arbovirosis were recorded, representing a positivity rate of
22.3%. The sex ratio was 1.2 and the median age 38. Clinically, 77.3% of patients presented an algoeruptive
form of arboviruses, 16% an encephalitis form and 4.5% a hemorrhagic form.
Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated CRP and hepatic cytolysis were the most common laboratory
abnormalities. Six (6) arboviruses were isolated: DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV, amaril viruse, CCHFV and WNV. Arbovirosis-malaria co-infection was found in 18.9% of cases. Thirty-five patients were
hospitalized, with a case-fatality rate of 6.8%. The arbovirosis-malaria association was significantly
associated with death (p<0.05). Conclusion : Arbovirosis remain endemo-epidemic, with dengue
predominating in Senegal. The polymorphism of their symptoms is a source of diagnostic delay outside
epidemic periods. Dengue-malaria comorbidity is a poor prognostic association. Epidemiological
surveillance needs to be maintained, and early case diagnosis strategies reinforced