Impact of climate on the spatial distribution of tsetse flies in Bougouni'area in Mali.

Abstract

Entomological surveys in the study area using Challier-Laveissiere traps have shown the presence of glossina in the cercle of Bougouni. 3421 glossina were captured. Among them 80% (2740/3421) were identified as Glossina palpalis gambiensis and 20% (681/3421) were Glossina tachinoïdes. 86% the captured glossina were from a conserved environment, 13.8% were in a semi – conserved environment and 0.2% from a totally disaggreged environment. In the cercle of Bougouni the northern limit of glossina distribution has been reactualized and compared to the previous one, in order to revise the distribution map of vectors of African animal trypanosomiasis and African human trypanosomiasis. The northern limit was around Meridiela a village on the Baoule river (Djiteye et al. 1997).The present study has found the limit around a village called Nani. This show that the northern limit of glossina in the cercle of Bougouni has moved 25 to 70 km southward. This change can be explained by the association of two factors: the reduction of rainfall and human impact on the environment. In the contaxt of international effort to contrôle trypanosomiasis, the present study allows a better understanding of preponderant factors in the dispersion of glossina. This work was funded by the national budget of Mali through a fond called "Etude et Recherche 2011"